Stick drift is when your character or camera moves without you touching the analog stick. It is usually caused by wear inside the stick, and it is very common. Some fixes are free.
1. Restart and Recalibrate
Turn the controller off and on, and use the calibration tool in your console or PC settings. Steam and Windows both have controller calibration.
2. Increase the Deadzone
The deadzone is the area around the centre that the game ignores. Increasing it in the game or controller settings can hide mild drift.
3. Clean Around the Stick
Dirt around the base of the stick can cause drift. Blow compressed air around it. If it is still drifting, a small amount of isopropyl alcohol on a cotton swab around the base can help, as long as you let it dry completely and do not soak the controller.
4. Check for Firmware Updates
Update the controller and console or app.
5. Warranty
Drift is a common fault, so check the warranty. Some makers replace controllers for it.
6. Replace the Stick Module
Worn potentiometer sticks can be replaced if you are comfortable opening the controller. Some replacement sticks use Hall-effect sensors, which do not rely on the same worn contact and are less prone to drift.
Prevention
Keep sticks clean, avoid pressing them very hard, and consider a controller with Hall-effect sticks next time. For budget picks, see my budget PC gaming gear guide and my keyboard and mouse double-click fixes.
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